Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo gutanga amashanyarazi. Ariko, mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha bifite izuba ryinshi kandi bifite amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba menshi, uburyo inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zikoresha imirasire y'izuba budakoresha imirasire y'izuba mu buryo bushimishije ntabwo bushimishije. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba akenshi zigizwe n'amajana cyangwa ibihumbi by'amatara akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kandi zitanga ingufu nyinshi ku ngo n'ubucuruzi bitabarika. Kubwibyo, izi ngando zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zikenera umwanya munini cyane. Ariko, mu bihugu bituwe cyane byo muri Aziya nka Ubuhinde na Singapuru, ubutaka buhari bwo kubaka inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba ni buke cyane cyangwa buhenze, rimwe na rimwe byombi.
Bumwe mu buryo bwo gukemura iki kibazo ni ukubaka sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ikoresha imirasire y'izuba ku mazi, gushyigikira panels z'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima amazi, no guhuza panels zose z'amashanyarazi. Izi panels zipima amazi zifata imiterere y'ubuso kandi zikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushushanya amazi, kandi igiciro ni gito. Tekereza nk'urushundura rw'amazi rukozwe muri pulasitiki ikomeye ikomeye. Ahantu hakwiriye ho gukoresha iyi sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ikoresha imirasire y'izuba harimo ibiyaga karemano, ibigega by'amazi byakozwe n'abantu, n'ibirombe n'ibinogo byasizwe.
Zigama umutungo w'ubutaka kandi ushyireho ingufu z'amashanyarazi zireremba ku mazi
Nk’uko bigaragara muri Raporo ya Where Sun Meets Water, Floating Solar Market yasohotse na Banki y’Isi mu 2018, gushyiraho ibikoresho bitanga ingufu z’izuba mu mashanyarazi asanzwe, cyane cyane amashanyarazi manini ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye. Raporo yizera ko gushyiraho amapine y’izuba bishobora kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu mashanyarazi, kandi icyarimwe bigashobora gucunga neza amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’izuba, bigatuma ahendutse. Raporo yagaragaje iti: "Mu turere dufite imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi idatera imbere, nka Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara na bimwe mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bya Aziya, amashanyarazi aturuka mu mirasire y’izuba ashobora kuba afite akamaro kadasanzwe."
Inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zireremba ntizikoresha umwanya udafite aho ukorera gusa, ahubwo zishobora no kuba nziza kurusha inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zikoresha ubutaka kuko amazi ashobora gukonjesha inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwazo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi. Icya kabiri, inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zifasha kugabanya imyuka y'amazi, ibyo bikaba inyungu ikomeye iyo amazi akoreshejwe mu bindi bikorwa. Uko umutungo w'amazi ugenda urushaho kuba uw'agaciro, iyi nyungu izarushaho kugaragara. Byongeye kandi, inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zireremba zishobora no kunoza ubwiza bw'amazi binyuze mu kugabanya ikura ry'ibimera by'urusenda.
Imikoreshereze igezweho ya sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zireremba ku isi
Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zireremba ubu ni impamo. Mu by'ukuri, sitasiyo ya mbere y'amashanyarazi ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yo mu bwoko bwa "farming solar station" yubatswe mu Buyapani mu 2007, naho sitasiyo ya mbere y'ubucuruzi ishyirwa ku kigega muri Kaliforuniya mu 2008, ifite ingufu zingana na kilowati 175. Kuri ubu, umuvuduko wo kubaka "floati"Inganda zitanga ingufu z'izuba zirimo kwihuta: sitasiyo ya mbere y'amashanyarazi ya megawati 10 yashyizweho neza mu 2016. Kugeza mu 2018, ubushobozi bwose bwa sisitemu za photovoltaic zigenda ku isi bwari 1314 MW, ugereranyije na MW 11 gusa mu myaka irindwi ishize.
Dukurikije amakuru yavuye muri Banki y'Isi, hari ibigega birenga kilometero kare 400.000 by’ibigega byakozwe n’abantu ku isi, bivuze ko ukurikije ubuso buhari, sitasiyo z’amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zifite ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho terawati. Raporo yagaragaje ko: "Hashingiwe ku kubara umutungo kamere w’amazi ukomoka ku mirasire y’izuba uboneka, biteganyijwe ko ubushobozi bw’inganda zikoresha imirasire y’izuba ku isi bushobora kurenza 400 GW, bingana n’ubushobozi bwashyizweho na photovoltaic ku isi yose mu 2017." Nyuma y’inyubako z’amashanyarazi zo ku nkombe na sisitemu za photovoltaic zihujwe n’inyubako (BIPV) Nyuma y’ibyo, sitasiyo z’amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zabaye uburyo bwa gatatu bunini bwo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic.
Ingano ya polyethylene na polypropylene by'umubiri ureremba hejuru y'amazi kandi ibikomoka kuri ibyo bikoresho bishobora kwemeza ko umubiri ureremba hejuru y'amazi ushobora gushyigikira neza imirasire y'izuba mu gihe kirekire ikoreshwa. Ibi bikoresho bifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika guterwa n'imirasire ya ultraviolet, nta gushidikanya ko ari ingenzi cyane kuri ubu buryo. Mu igeragezwa ryihuse ryo gusaza hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga, ubudahangarwa bwabyo ku gucika kw'imihangayiko y'ibidukikije (ESCR) burenga amasaha 3000, bivuze ko mu buzima busanzwe, bishobora gukomeza gukora imyaka irenga 25. Byongeye kandi, ubudahangarwa bw'ibi bikoresho nabwo buri hejuru cyane, bituma ibice bitazaramba bitewe n'umuvuduko uhoraho, bityo bigakomeza gukomera kw'ishusho y'umubiri ureremba. SABIC yateguye by'umwihariko SABIC B5308 ya polyethylene yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku byuma bireremba bya sisitemu ya photovoltaic y'amazi, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byose mu gutunganya no gukoresha byavuzwe haruguru. Iki gicuruzwa cy'urwego cyamaze kwemerwa n'ibigo byinshi by'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga rya photovoltaic y'amazi. HDPE B5308 ni ibikoresho bya polymeri bikwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekile bifite imiterere yihariye yo gutunganya no gukora. Ifite ESCR nziza cyane (ubudahangarwa ku bidukikije), imiterere myiza ya mekanike, kandi ishobora kugera ku bukomere no gukomera. Ifite uburinganire bwiza (ibi ntabwo byoroshye kugeraho muri pulasitiki), kandi imara igihe kirekire, itunganya byoroshye. Uko igitutu ku musaruro w'ingufu zisukuye kigenda cyiyongera, SABIC yiteze ko umuvuduko wo gushyiraho sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zigenda ziguruka zizamuka urushaho kwihuta. Kuri ubu, SABIC yatangije imishinga ya sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi zigenda ziguruka ziguruka mu Buyapani no mu Bushinwa. SABIC yizera ko ibisubizo byayo bya polymer bizaba urufunguzo rwo kurekura ubushobozi bw'ikoranabuhanga rya FPV.
Umuti w'umushinga wo gukwirakwiza imirasire y'izuba n'urukiramende wa Jwell Machinery
Muri iki gihe, sisitemu z'izuba zikoreshwa mu kureremba muri rusange zikoresha igice kinini cy'umubiri ureremba n'igice cy'umubiri cy'inyongera gireremba, ingano yacyo iri hagati ya litiro 50 na litiro 300, kandi izi ngingo zireremba zikorwa n'ibikoresho binini byo gucura ibihuha.
Imashini ikoze mu buryo bwa JWZ-BM160/230
Ikoresha sisitemu yihariye yo gusohora vis ikora neza cyane, ibumba ryo kubika, igikoresho cyorohereza ingufu cya servo na sisitemu yo kugenzura ya PLC itumizwa mu mahanga, kandi icyitegererezo cyihariye gihindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bikoreshwe neza kandi mu buryo buhamye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-02-2022