Muri iki gihe inganda zikora inganda, kuvoma imiyoboro ya pulasitike birahindura imirenge itandukanye itanga ibisubizo byiza, bidahenze, kandi bitandukanye. Ubushobozi bwo gukora imiyoboro mubunini butandukanye nibikoresho byatumye gukuramo imiyoboro ya plastike ihitamo kubisabwa byinshi. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura imikoreshereze yambere yo gukuramo imiyoboro ya pulasitike nuburyo ishobora kugirira akamaro ubucuruzi bwawe.
Gukuramo imiyoboro ya plastiki ni iki?
Gukuramo imiyoboro ya plastike ni inzira yo gukora aho ibikoresho bya pulasitike bishonga bigakorwa mu miyoboro ikomeza. Ubu buryo butuma hashyirwaho imiyoboro ifite ibipimo bihamye hamwe nimiterere, bigatuma ikwiranye na porogaramu nini ya porogaramu. Hamwe no gukenera ibikoresho biramba kandi byoroheje, gukuramo imiyoboro ya pulasitike bigenda byiyongera mu nganda nyinshi.
1. Uburyo bwo gutanga amazi no gukwirakwiza
Bumwe mu buryo bugaragara bwo gukoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike ni uburyo bwo gutanga amazi no gukwirakwiza. Imiyoboro ya plastiki, cyane cyane ikozwe muri polyvinyl chloride (PVC) na polyethylene (PE), nibyiza gutwara amazi meza kubera kurwanya ruswa hamwe nuburemere buke.
Raporo y’ishyirahamwe ry’amazi ry’amazi muri Amerika, ivuga ko imiyoboro ya pulasitike igera kuri 70% y’ibikorwa bishya bitanga amazi muri Amerika. Uku kwiyongera kwakirwa kurashobora guterwa no kuramba kwabo, koroshya kwishyiriraho, no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo nkibyuma na beto.
2. Gucunga umwanda n’amazi mabi
Gusohora imiyoboro ya plastike igira uruhare runini mu gucunga imyanda no gufata amazi mabi. Kuramba hamwe n’imiti irwanya imiyoboro ya pulasitike bituma bikenerwa mu gutunganya imyanda, amazi y’imvura, n’imyanda iva mu nganda.
Kurugero, imiyoboro myinshi ya polyethylene (HDPE) ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yimyanda bitewe nubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana n’ibihe bibi no kugabanya kwinjira no gusohora. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibidukikije ry’amazi bwerekanye ko imiyoboro ya HDPE ishobora kumara imyaka irenga 100 mu bikorwa by’imyanda, bikagabanya cyane ibikenewe gusimburwa no gusanwa.
3. Uburyo bwo kuhira mu buhinzi
Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwakiriye kandi uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka. Sisitemu yo kuhira no kumena amazi ikoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike mu gukwirakwiza amazi neza, kugabanya imyanda no kuzamura umusaruro w’ibihingwa.
Raporo y’umuryango w’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO) yerekana ko gukoresha kuhira imyaka bishobora kongera amazi neza 30-50% ugereranije n’uburyo gakondo. Imiterere yoroheje yimiyoboro ya pulasitike ituma byoroha kuyishyiraho no kuyitwara, bikarushaho kongera imbaraga mubisabwa mubuhinzi.
4. Itumanaho n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Gukuramo imiyoboro ya plastike ni ngombwa mu itumanaho n’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu kurinda insinga no kuyishyiraho. Imiyoboro y'umuyoboro ikozwe muri PVC cyangwa HDPE ikoreshwa mukurinda insinga z'amashanyarazi kwangirika kwumubiri nibidukikije.
Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinzwe Amashanyarazi ry’igihugu ribitangaza, gukoresha umuyoboro wa pulasitike bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyiriraho n’amafaranga y’umurimo bitewe n’imiterere yoroheje kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ya pulasitike irwanya kwangirika n’ubushuhe, bigatuma kuramba kwa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi birinda.
5. Kubaka no kubaka
Mu nganda zubaka n’ubwubatsi, kuvoma imiyoboro ya pulasitike ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, harimo sisitemu yo kuvoma, amazi, hamwe na HVAC (gushyushya, guhumeka, no guhumeka). Ubwinshi bwimiyoboro ya pulasitike itanga uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe muburyo bushya no kuvugurura.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’amazi n’abakozi bashinzwe imashini (IAPMO) bwerekanye ko 60% by’inzobere mu bijyanye n’amazi bakunda imiyoboro ya pulasitike kugira ngo ishyirwemo bitewe n’igiciro cyabyo kandi cyizewe. Imiterere yoroheje yimiyoboro ya plastike nayo yoroshya ubwikorezi nogushiraho, biganisha kumushinga wihuse.
Inyigo: Gushyira mubikorwa neza mugutezimbere imijyi
Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku ngaruka zo gukuramo imiyoboro ya pulasitike burashobora kugaragara mu mushinga wo guteza imbere imijyi yumujyi munini. Komine yahisemo imiyoboro ya HDPE muri gahunda zabo nshya zo gukwirakwiza amazi n’imiyoboro.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rya pulasitike, umujyi wavuze ko igabanuka rya 30% ry’ibiciro byo kwishyiriraho ndetse n’igabanuka rikabije ry’amazi yamenetse. Byongeye kandi, igihe kirekire cyimiyoboro ya HDPE yagabanije gukenera gusanwa ejo hazaza, amaherezo bigirira akamaro ingengo yumujyi no kuzamura imibereho yabaturage.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukuramo imiyoboro ya pulasitike ni uguhindura inganda zitanga ibisubizo byiza, biramba, kandi bidahenze. Kuva muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi kugeza mubuhinzi n'itumanaho, inyungu zo gukoresha imiyoboro ya pulasitike iragaragara.
Mugihe inganda zikomeje gutera imbere, gusobanukirwa ikoreshwa ryimyanda ya pulasitike irashobora guha imbaraga ubucuruzi bwo gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bizamura imikorere nibikorwa birambye. Muguhitamo imiyoboro ya pulasitike, ibigo ntabwo bishora imari mubicuruzwa byizewe gusa ahubwo binatanga umusanzu mugihe cyiza, cyiza kurushaho. Waba ufite uruhare mu bwubatsi, ubuhinzi, cyangwa serivisi za komini, kwakira imiyoboro ya pulasitike bishobora kuba intambwe ikurikira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-04-2024